Desmartin notes that despite the absence of the United States from negotiations, global market dynamics are forcing a transition away from fossil fuels. Since March 2026, rising oil prices have bolstered the relative competitiveness of solar and wind power, with solar costs plummeting 90 per cent since 2010. This economic reality is reshaping how nations approach energy security, turning the transition into a matter of national stability rather than purely environmental policy.
Geopolitical Shifts and Private Capital
While the UN faces significant institutional challenges, the private sector is expected to fill the leadership vacuum at COP31. Public-private initiatives, similar to the Tropical Forests Forever Fund launched in Brazil, are likely to gain momentum. The Turkish presidency has signaled intent to prioritize grid expansion and electrification, areas where investors see tangible growth. Although major emitters like China and India remain complex variables, their aggressive scaling of solar and electric vehicle production continues to influence global supply chains.





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